paraphrasing task

1.    Young Dual Language Learners in China: Best Practices in English Immersion

Richards and Rogers (2001) identify immersion education as foreign language instruction through the medium of the target language, resulting in a series of goals for children. These include the following:
1.  Developing a high level of proficiency in the foreign language;
2. Developing positive attitudes toward those who speak the foreign language and toward their culture(s);
3. Developing English language skills commensurate with expectations for a students’ age and abilities; and
4. Gaining designated skills and knowledge in the content areas of the curriculum (p. 206).

Richard and Rogers (2001, as cited in Trube et al. 2013, p. 141) clarify some achievements for children in foreign language education through target language method by enhancing; a high level of foreign language skill, positive mind-set toward native speaker of target language and their culture(s), English language proficiency appropriate with student’s age and capabilities, and appointed proficiency and acquaintance based on curriculum.

2.    The Effects of Age on Second Language Grammar and Speech Production

Flege et al. (1999) also found a strong age effect on phonological production manifested as foreign accents.

Flege et al. (1999, as cited in Huang 2013, p. 4) discover production of phonological accents of foreign language is strongly effected by age.

3.    An Overview of L2 Motivation Research in Hungary

One should be acquainted with how initial language learning motivation is taking shape as the initial formation of attitudes and motivational dispositions affect learning patterns later in life (Nikolov 2000).

Language learning motivation is the primary pattern of views and motivational natures which later affect the learning model in life (Nikolov 2000, as cited in Csizér 2012, p. 236).





References


Csizér, K. (2012). An overview of L2 motivation research in Hungary. In M. Pawlak (ed.), New perspectives on individual differences in language learning and teaching, second language learning and teaching (pp. 233-246). Berlin: Springer.

Huang, B.H. (2013). The effects of age on second language grammar and speech production. J Psycholinguist Res, 1-24.

Trube, M.B., Yan, R., & Zhang, L. (2013). Young dual language learners in China: Best practices in English immersion. In S. C.Wortham (ed.), Common characteristics and unique qualities in preschool programs, educating the young child (pp. 139-146). New York: Springer.